The sufficient availability, access, use, and protection of safe and clean food and water resources to support human well-being and health.
M275_DW
Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL), Comprehensive Laboratory Services Survey (CLSS)
2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018
The state public health laboratory testing "provide or assure" standard is based on national consensus expert opinion and is recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and is reflected in the Healthy People 2020 goals concerning access to comprehensive public health and environmental health laboratory testing. This standard requires the state public health authority, through its laboratory, engage in the testing and reporting process – either by directly performing the tests or by assuring that alternative labs perform the tests adequately. This standard is designed to ensure that laboratory testing, interpretation, and reporting is guided by specialized public health knowledge and expertise found within the state public health agency, and that timely, effective public health responses and protective actions occur based on test results. States that provide testing through another type of laboratory, with no assurance role performed by the public health laboratory, do not meet this standard. (see https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2846798/). Inclusion of this measure ensures that the Index is consistent with national expert opinion and federal recommendations concerning comprehensive public health laboratory testing capabilities. However, the measure does not assess the quality of the testing, the timeliness of results reporting to enable responses to public health threats, nor whether sufficient capacity exists to test the volume of samples required during a health security event.
M275_PWW
Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL), Comprehensive Laboratory Services Survey (CLSS)
2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018
The state public health laboratory testing "provide or assure" standard is based on national consensus expert opinion and is recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and is reflected in the Healthy People 2020 goals concerning access to comprehensive public health and environmental health laboratory testing. This standard requires the state public health authority, through its laboratory, engage in the testing and reporting process – either by directly performing the tests or by assuring that alternative labs perform the tests adequately. This standard is designed to ensure that laboratory testing, interpretation, and reporting is guided by specialized public health knowledge and expertise found within the state public health agency, and that timely, effective public health responses and protective actions occur based on test results. States that provide testing through another type of laboratory, with no assurance role performed by the public health laboratory, do not meet this standard. (see https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2846798/).
M275_REC
Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL), Comprehensive Laboratory Services Survey (CLSS)
2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018
The state public health laboratory testing "provide or assure" standard is based on national consensus expert opinion and is recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and is reflected in the Healthy People 2020 goals concerning access to comprehensive public health and environmental health laboratory testing. This standard requires the state public health authority, through its laboratory, engage in the testing and reporting process – either by directly performing the tests or by assuring that alternative labs perform the tests adequately. This standard is designed to ensure that laboratory testing, interpretation, and reporting is guided by specialized public health knowledge and expertise found within the state public health agency, and that timely, effective public health responses and protective actions occur based on test results. States that provide testing through another type of laboratory, with no assurance role performed by the public health laboratory, do not meet this standard. (see https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2846798/).
M275_SUR
Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL), Comprehensive Laboratory Services Survey (CLSS)
2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018
The state public health laboratory testing "provide or assure" standard is based on national consensus expert opinion and is recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and is reflected in the Healthy People 2020 goals concerning access to comprehensive public health and environmental health laboratory testing. This standard requires the state public health authority, through its laboratory, engage in the testing and reporting process – either by directly performing the tests or by assuring that alternative labs perform the tests adequately. This standard is designed to ensure that laboratory testing, interpretation, and reporting is guided by specialized public health knowledge and expertise found within the state public health agency, and that timely, effective public health responses and protective actions occur based on test results. States that provide testing through another type of laboratory, with no assurance role performed by the public health laboratory, do not meet this standard. (see https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2846798/). Selected responses from the 2016 survey have been corrected for North Carolina and therefore no longer correspond to the originally published survey results.
M275_WST
Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL), Comprehensive Laboratory Services Survey (CLSS)
2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018
The state public health laboratory testing "provide or assure" standard is based on national consensus expert opinion and is recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and is reflected in the Healthy People 2020 goals concerning access to comprehensive public health and environmental health laboratory testing. This standard requires the state public health authority, through its laboratory, engage in the testing and reporting process – either by directly performing the tests or by assuring that alternative labs perform the tests adequately. This standard is designed to ensure that laboratory testing, interpretation, and reporting is guided by specialized public health knowledge and expertise found within the state public health agency, and that timely, effective public health responses and protective actions occur based on test results. States that provide testing through another type of laboratory, with no assurance role performed by the public health laboratory, do not meet this standard. (see https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2846798/). Selected responses from the 2016 survey have been corrected for North Carolina and therefore no longer correspond to the originally published survey results.
M276
Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL), Comprehensive Laboratory Services Survey (CLSS)
2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018
The state public health laboratory testing "provide or assure" standard is based on national consensus expert opinion and is recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and is reflected in the Healthy People 2020 goals concerning access to comprehensive public health and environmental health laboratory testing. This standard requires the state public health authority, through its laboratory, engage in the testing and reporting process – either by directly performing the tests or by assuring that alternative labs perform the tests adequately. This standard is designed to ensure that laboratory testing, interpretation, and reporting is guided by specialized public health knowledge and expertise found within the state public health agency, and that timely, effective public health responses and protective actions occur based on test results. States that provide testing through another type of laboratory, with no assurance role performed by the public health laboratory, do not meet this standard. (see https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2846798/).
M195
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Safe Drinking Water Information System Federal (SDWIS/FED) Drinking Water Data
2012-2019
The measure does not evaluate drinking water supplies that are non-public (private), or provide information on community water supplies that were adversely affected by emergencies or disasters.
M925
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Safe Drinking Water Information System Federal (SDWIS/FED) Drinking Water Data
2012-2019
The measure does not cover drinking water supplies that are non-public (private) and does not directly provide information on community water supplies that were adversely affected by emergencies or disasters.
M23PC
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). National Outbreak Reporting System. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. Update date <15Jan2020>.
2012-2019
The measure does not evaluate the quality or comprehensiveness of the state's reporting of foodborne illness outbreaks.
The systematic collection and continuous or frequent standardized measurement and observation of: environmental specimens (air, water, land/soil, and plants) analyzing the presence of an indicator, exposure, or response (warning and control), including monitoring the environment for vectors of disease to give information about the environment to assess past and current status and predict future trends.
M202
Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL), Comprehensive Laboratory Services Survey (CLSS)
2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018
The state public health laboratory testing "provide or assure" standard is based on national consensus expert opinion and is recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and is reflected in the Healthy People 2020 goals concerning access to comprehensive public health and environmental health laboratory testing. This standard requires the state public health authority, through its laboratory, engage in the testing and reporting process – either by directly performing the tests or by assuring that alternative labs perform the tests adequately. This standard is designed to ensure that laboratory testing, interpretation, and reporting is guided by specialized public health knowledge and expertise found within the state public health agency, and that timely, effective public health responses and protective actions occur based on test results. States that provide testing through another type of laboratory, with no assurance role performed by the public health laboratory, do not meet this standard. (see https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2846798/). Selected responses from the 2016 survey have been corrected for North Carolina and therefore no longer correspond to the originally published survey results.
M257_AIHA
Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL), Comprehensive Laboratory Services Survey (CLSS)
2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018
Data are self-reported by public health laboratory representatives and may reflect differences in awareness, perspective and interpretation among respondents.
M257_EPA
Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL), Comprehensive Laboratory Services Survey (CLSS)
2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018
Data are self-reported by public health laboratory representatives and may reflect differences in awareness, perspective and interpretation among respondents.
M257_NELAC
Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL), Comprehensive Laboratory Services Survey (CLSS)
2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018
Data are self-reported by public health laboratory representatives and may reflect differences in awareness, perspective and interpretation among respondents.
M196
Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL), Comprehensive Laboratory Services Survey (CLSS)
2012 & 2014
The state public health laboratory testing "provide or assure" standard is based on national consensus expert opinion and is recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and is reflected in the Healthy People 2020 goals concerning access to comprehensive public health and environmental health laboratory testing. This standard requires the state public health authority, through its laboratory, engage in the testing and reporting process – either by directly performing the tests or by assuring that alternative labs perform the tests adequately. This standard is designed to ensure that laboratory testing, interpretation, and reporting is guided by specialized public health knowledge and expertise found within the state public health agency, and that timely, effective public health responses and protective actions occur based on test results. States that provide testing through another type of laboratory, with no assurance role performed by the public health laboratory, do not meet this standard. (see https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2846798/).
M272
Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL), Comprehensive Laboratory Services Survey (CLSS)
2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018
The state public health laboratory testing "provide or assure" standard is based on national consensus expert opinion and is recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and is reflected in the Healthy People 2020 goals concerning access to comprehensive public health and environmental health laboratory testing. This standard requires the state public health authority, through its laboratory, engage in the testing and reporting process – either by directly performing the tests or by assuring that alternative labs perform the tests adequately. This standard is designed to ensure that laboratory testing, interpretation, and reporting is guided by specialized public health knowledge and expertise found within the state public health agency, and that timely, effective public health responses and protective actions occur based on test results. States that provide testing through another type of laboratory, with no assurance role performed by the public health laboratory, do not meet this standard. (see https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2846798/).
M273
Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL), Comprehensive Laboratory Services Survey (CLSS)
2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018
The state public health laboratory testing "provide or assure" standard is based on national consensus expert opinion and is recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and is reflected in the Healthy People 2020 goals concerning access to comprehensive public health and environmental health laboratory testing. This standard requires the state public health authority, through its laboratory, engage in the testing and reporting process – either by directly performing the tests or by assuring that alternative labs perform the tests adequately. This standard is designed to ensure that laboratory testing, interpretation, and reporting is guided by specialized public health knowledge and expertise found within the state public health agency, and that timely, effective public health responses and protective actions occur based on test results. States that provide testing through another type of laboratory, with no assurance role performed by the public health laboratory, do not meet this standard. (see https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2846798/). Selected responses from the 2016 survey have been corrected for North Carolina and therefore no longer correspond to the originally published survey results.
M274
National Plant Diagnostic Network (NPDN), National Plant Diagnostic website
2014
The measure does not evaluate the level or effectiveness of the state participation, including the resources committed and state success in quickly detecting and identifying pathogens.
M904
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Occupational Employment Statistics (OES), OES 19-2041
2012-2019
The measure does not evaluate the level of training of the environmental and health scientists. The measure does not consider mutual aid plans that may be in place for agencies to supplement the number of available environmental and health scientists in the event of an emergency. Also, BLS and other national data sources on health provider supply have been shown to undercount certain types of health professionals, and may differ considerably from the estimates available from state medical licensing boards. Since the measurement undercounting in the BLS data are expected to be relatively consistent across states, they should not cause significant bias in the Index state and national results. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) produces occupational estimates by surveying a sample of non-farm establishments. As such, estimates produced through the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program are subject to sampling error.
M23A
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). National Outbreak Reporting System. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC. Update date <15Jan2020>.
2012-2019
The measure does not evaluate the quality or comprehensiveness of the state's reporting of illness outbreaks.
Actions taken to reduce health hazards in the physical environment, including elements of the natural and built environment.
M922
U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Office of Bridges and Structures
2012-2019
The frequency of bridge inspections varies according to numerous criteria. Most bridges are on a one-, two-, or four-year inspection cycle. Consequently, the data year does not necessarily coincide with the inspection year.
M923
U.S. Corp of Engineers, National Inventory of Dams (NID) and the Association of State Dam Safety Officials (ASDSO)
2016, 2018 & 2019
A small, but growing number of states exempt categories of dams from inspection based on the purpose of the impoundment or the owner type. Nationally roughly a quarter (22%) of the high-hazard dams are not rated for condition, with wide differences among the states
M928
FEMA National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Community Rating System (CRS)
2017-2018
Participation in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is voluntary. It is possible that some communities located in flood zones are not part of the NFIP.
M929
U.S. Department of Homeland Security, FEMA, National Flood Insurance Program, and the NYU Furman Center (FloodzoneData.us)
2013-2018
Participation in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is voluntary. It is possible that some communities located in flood zones are not part of the NFIP. Also, many flood zone maps are outdated.
M334
Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (C2ES), State and Local Climate Adaptation
2014-2020
The measure does not evaluate the quality or comprehensiveness of the plan, or the degree to which the plan is implemented.
Actions taken to protect workers and emergency responders from health hazards while on the job.
M530
Current Population Survey (CPS), Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) data analyzed by PMO personnel.
2013-2020
Workers who use their paid time off benefits are only a subset of the total workers who have access to a PTO benefit and could use this benefit in the event of an emergency.
M531
Current Population Survey (CPS), Work Schedules Supplement data analyzed by PMO personnel.
2011-2013, 2015, 2017, 2019
The measure data is estimated based on a survey of a sample of the general population.
M705
American Community Survey (ACS), 1-year estimate (Table B08128)
2012-2019
The measure data does not include all individuals who can work at home on a "part-time" basis.
